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Function and composition of ship anchor

Function and composition of ship anchor

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  • Time of issue:2022-10-25 14:13
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(Summary description)The anchor is an indispensable equipment to ensure the safety of the ship, and the ship anchor mainly has the anchor crown. Composed of pin, anchor claw, anchor shank, anchor rod (also called cross bar or stabilizer bar) and anchor shackle. The way the anchor is cast Anchoring is a common anchorage method for ships. The process is roughly: the ship to the anchor chain or anchor cable connected anchor thrown into the water to land, and make it into the soil, the anchor produced by the gripping force and the bottom consolidated, the ship firmly tied in the predetermined position, according to different waters, meteorological conditions and operational requirements, the anchor throwing method is different, the commonly used way has the first anchor, tail anchor and head and tail anchor. 1. Anchor the bow Bow anchoring, there are two kinds of single anchor and double anchor. Under normal circumstances, only a single anchor can be tied to the ship, only when the wind and waves are particularly large and the anchorage is large and small. When the bow anchor, the hull is subjected to the least external forces such as wind, current and wave impact, so this way is the main way of anchoring, and also the main reason for the main anchor to be arranged in the bow. There is usually only one bow anchor on small boats and fishing boats. In addition, any ship is fitted with two main bow anchors on the bow. When the captain reaches a certain degree, the ship should also have a spare main anchor, also known as wind anchor. 2. Anchor astern The stern anchor is mostly used for river boats and landing boats. When river boats are moored downstream, they are often anchored at the stern to ensure safety and avoid turning around. In the operation of the landing ship retreating from the beach, with the cooperation of the main engine, relying on the tension of the anchor machine to pull the ship running on the beach. 3. Anchor head and tail If a ship is to be anchored always with its sides facing the wind, it is to be anchored head and tail. The method of head and tail anchoring is generally to throw the main anchor from the head wind direction, from the stern of the ship to the outer side of the main chain has been thrown, and then release some main chain can be, another method is to throw the main anchor from the tail after the first main anchor is thrown. The tail anchor is usually carried out and dropped by boat, and the tail anchor is generally smaller than the main anchor, about 1/3 of the main anchor. Types and characteristics of anchors There are many kinds of anchors, which are roughly divided into four types: rod anchor, rod anchor, large claw force anchor and special anchor, and more than ten kinds of anchors. 1. There is an anchor An anchor with a cross bar is a rod anchor. The characteristic of this kind of anchor is that an anchor claw is inserted into the soil, and when the anchor is dragged on the sea floor, the cross bar can prevent the anchor claw from tipping over and play a stable role. There are navy anchors, Lamen anchors, single-claw anchors and Japanese anchors. Navy anchor: The oldest typical pole anchor, also known as a common anchor. This kind of anchor has a large grip and can firmly grasp all kinds of soil, but it is inconvenient to rewind and put, and it is not used as the main anchor on modern large ships, but only on sailing ships and small inland river boats. Lamen anchor: A naval anchor with a swivelable jaw. In use, when one claw is in the ground, the other claw can be turned to the anchor handle and attached. This kind of anchor is more convenient to use than the navy anchor, but the holding force is smaller than the Navy anchor, and only one bolt is used to connect the anchor handle, and the safety is poor. Therefore, it can only be used in sailing ships and inland boats, and the anchor weight is generally not more than one ton. Single fluke anchor: Similar to naval anchors, with only one fluke, but larger in size. This type of anchor has more claw force than naval anchors. Positioning anchors for a variety of engineering ships, dredgers commonly use this anchor to ensure that the ship does not move during dredging operations. Japanese anchor: It is a kind of double-clawed anchor used on Japanese fishing boats, and the cross bar is fixed under the anchor crown, which not only maintains the advantages of large grip, but also is convenient to collect. 2. Rodless anchor There is no cross bar, and the two fluke anchor that the anchor fluke can turn is a rodless anchor. The characteristics of this kind of anchor are that two claws are simultaneously inserted into the soil during work, good stability, strong adaptability to various soil qualities, and convenient collection. Rodless anchors have developed rapidly, from the first generation to the third generation. Commonly used rodless anchors mainly include Hall anchors, Spaker anchors, AC-14 anchors and DA-1 anchors, as shown in Figur

Function and composition of ship anchor

(Summary description)The anchor is an indispensable equipment to ensure the safety of the ship, and the ship anchor mainly has the anchor crown. Composed of pin, anchor claw, anchor shank, anchor rod (also called cross bar or stabilizer bar) and anchor shackle.

The way the anchor is cast

Anchoring is a common anchorage method for ships. The process is roughly: the ship to the anchor chain or anchor cable connected anchor thrown into the water to land, and make it into the soil, the anchor produced by the gripping force and the bottom consolidated, the ship firmly tied in the predetermined position, according to different waters, meteorological conditions and operational requirements, the anchor throwing method is different, the commonly used way has the first anchor, tail anchor and head and tail anchor.

1. Anchor the bow

Bow anchoring, there are two kinds of single anchor and double anchor. Under normal circumstances, only a single anchor can be tied to the ship, only when the wind and waves are particularly large and the anchorage is large and small. When the bow anchor, the hull is subjected to the least external forces such as wind, current and wave impact, so this way is the main way of anchoring, and also the main reason for the main anchor to be arranged in the bow. There is usually only one bow anchor on small boats and fishing boats. In addition, any ship is fitted with two main bow anchors on the bow. When the captain reaches a certain degree, the ship should also have a spare main anchor, also known as wind anchor.

2. Anchor astern

The stern anchor is mostly used for river boats and landing boats. When river boats are moored downstream, they are often anchored at the stern to ensure safety and avoid turning around. In the operation of the landing ship retreating from the beach, with the cooperation of the main engine, relying on the tension of the anchor machine to pull the ship running on the beach.

3. Anchor head and tail

If a ship is to be anchored always with its sides facing the wind, it is to be anchored head and tail. The method of head and tail anchoring is generally to throw the main anchor from the head wind direction, from the stern of the ship to the outer side of the main chain has been thrown, and then release some main chain can be, another method is to throw the main anchor from the tail after the first main anchor is thrown. The tail anchor is usually carried out and dropped by boat, and the tail anchor is generally smaller than the main anchor, about 1/3 of the main anchor.

Types and characteristics of anchors

There are many kinds of anchors, which are roughly divided into four types: rod anchor, rod anchor, large claw force anchor and special anchor, and more than ten kinds of anchors.

1. There is an anchor

An anchor with a cross bar is a rod anchor. The characteristic of this kind of anchor is that an anchor claw is inserted into the soil, and when the anchor is dragged on the sea floor, the cross bar can prevent the anchor claw from tipping over and play a stable role. There are navy anchors, Lamen anchors, single-claw anchors and Japanese anchors.

Navy anchor: The oldest typical pole anchor, also known as a common anchor. This kind of anchor has a large grip and can firmly grasp all kinds of soil, but it is inconvenient to rewind and put, and it is not used as the main anchor on modern large ships, but only on sailing ships and small inland river boats.

Lamen anchor: A naval anchor with a swivelable jaw. In use, when one claw is in the ground, the other claw can be turned to the anchor handle and attached. This kind of anchor is more convenient to use than the navy anchor, but the holding force is smaller than the Navy anchor, and only one bolt is used to connect the anchor handle, and the safety is poor. Therefore, it can only be used in sailing ships and inland boats, and the anchor weight is generally not more than one ton.

Single fluke anchor: Similar to naval anchors, with only one fluke, but larger in size. This type of anchor has more claw force than naval anchors. Positioning anchors for a variety of engineering ships, dredgers commonly use this anchor to ensure that the ship does not move during dredging operations.

Japanese anchor: It is a kind of double-clawed anchor used on Japanese fishing boats, and the cross bar is fixed under the anchor crown, which not only maintains the advantages of large grip, but also is convenient to collect.

2. Rodless anchor

There is no cross bar, and the two fluke anchor that the anchor fluke can turn is a rodless anchor. The characteristics of this kind of anchor are that two claws are simultaneously inserted into the soil during work, good stability, strong adaptability to various soil qualities, and convenient collection. Rodless anchors have developed rapidly, from the first generation to the third generation. Commonly used rodless anchors mainly include Hall anchors, Spaker anchors, AC-14 anchors and DA-1 anchors, as shown in Figur

  • Categories:Company News
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  • Time of issue:2022-10-25 14:13
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Information

The anchor is an indispensable equipment to ensure the safety of the ship, and the ship anchor mainly has the anchor crown. Composed of pin, anchor claw, anchor shank, anchor rod (also called cross bar or stabilizer bar) and anchor shackle.

The way the anchor is cast

Anchoring is a common anchorage method for ships. The process is roughly: the ship to the anchor chain or anchor cable connected anchor thrown into the water to land, and make it into the soil, the anchor produced by the gripping force and the bottom consolidated, the ship firmly tied in the predetermined position, according to different waters, meteorological conditions and operational requirements, the anchor throwing method is different, the commonly used way has the first anchor, tail anchor and head and tail anchor.

1. Anchor the bow

Bow anchoring, there are two kinds of single anchor and double anchor. Under normal circumstances, only a single anchor can be tied to the ship, only when the wind and waves are particularly large and the anchorage is large and small. When the bow anchor, the hull is subjected to the least external forces such as wind, current and wave impact, so this way is the main way of anchoring, and also the main reason for the main anchor to be arranged in the bow. There is usually only one bow anchor on small boats and fishing boats. In addition, any ship is fitted with two main bow anchors on the bow. When the captain reaches a certain degree, the ship should also have a spare main anchor, also known as wind anchor.

2. Anchor astern

The stern anchor is mostly used for river boats and landing boats. When river boats are moored downstream, they are often anchored at the stern to ensure safety and avoid turning around. In the operation of the landing ship retreating from the beach, with the cooperation of the main engine, relying on the tension of the anchor machine to pull the ship running on the beach.

3. Anchor head and tail

If a ship is to be anchored always with its sides facing the wind, it is to be anchored head and tail. The method of head and tail anchoring is generally to throw the main anchor from the head wind direction, from the stern of the ship to the outer side of the main chain has been thrown, and then release some main chain can be, another method is to throw the main anchor from the tail after the first main anchor is thrown. The tail anchor is usually carried out and dropped by boat, and the tail anchor is generally smaller than the main anchor, about 1/3 of the main anchor.

Types and characteristics of anchors

There are many kinds of anchors, which are roughly divided into four types: rod anchor, rod anchor, large claw force anchor and special anchor, and more than ten kinds of anchors.

1. There is an anchor

An anchor with a cross bar is a rod anchor. The characteristic of this kind of anchor is that an anchor claw is inserted into the soil, and when the anchor is dragged on the sea floor, the cross bar can prevent the anchor claw from tipping over and play a stable role. There are navy anchors, Lamen anchors, single-claw anchors and Japanese anchors.

Navy anchor: The oldest typical pole anchor, also known as a common anchor. This kind of anchor has a large grip and can firmly grasp all kinds of soil, but it is inconvenient to rewind and put, and it is not used as the main anchor on modern large ships, but only on sailing ships and small inland river boats.

Lamen anchor: A naval anchor with a swivelable jaw. In use, when one claw is in the ground, the other claw can be turned to the anchor handle and attached. This kind of anchor is more convenient to use than the navy anchor, but the holding force is smaller than the Navy anchor, and only one bolt is used to connect the anchor handle, and the safety is poor. Therefore, it can only be used in sailing ships and inland boats, and the anchor weight is generally not more than one ton.

Single fluke anchor: Similar to naval anchors, with only one fluke, but larger in size. This type of anchor has more claw force than naval anchors. Positioning anchors for a variety of engineering ships, dredgers commonly use this anchor to ensure that the ship does not move during dredging operations.

Japanese anchor: It is a kind of double-clawed anchor used on Japanese fishing boats, and the cross bar is fixed under the anchor crown, which not only maintains the advantages of large grip, but also is convenient to collect.

2. Rodless anchor

There is no cross bar, and the two fluke anchor that the anchor fluke can turn is a rodless anchor. The characteristics of this kind of anchor are that two claws are simultaneously inserted into the soil during work, good stability, strong adaptability to various soil qualities, and convenient collection. Rodless anchors have developed rapidly, from the first generation to the third generation. Commonly used rodless anchors mainly include Hall anchors, Spaker anchors, AC-14 anchors and DA-1 anchors, as shown in Figure 4.

Hall anchor: Hall anchor is the first generation of modern standard rodless anchor. This kind of anchor is simple to make, convenient to collect, large grasping power and good grasping ability. It is the main anchor of large and medium-sized ships, and China likes to use this kind of anchor.

Spaker anchor: It is an improved type of Hall anchor, and its structural characteristics are that the anchor crown is equipped with anchor crown plate and reinforcing rib. Therefore, the claws of this anchor are easy to turn to the ground, have better stability, and do not scratch the ship's exterior plate when collected.

AC-14 anchor: Second generation called rodless anchor. Its anchor crown is very wide, the anchor claw is long and thick, and has longitudinal edge. This kind of anchor is heavy and strong in grip. Good stability. It is commonly used as the main anchor for large container ships, car carriers and very large oil tankers, and is commonly used in Europe and the United States and Japan.

DA-1 anchor: The AD-1 anchor, known as the third generation rodless anchor, is currently the most stable and structurally advanced anchor in the world. The anchor crown is wide and the end is triangular, the claw is very long is composed of two inclined plane inverted V shape, the distance between the two claws is very small, this anchor has the most suitable Angle of soil, the biting area is large, the gripping force is large, the grasping ability is good, the stability is strong, the collection is convenient, because the DA-1 anchor is almost all composed of straight inclined plane, the sediment is less attached and the washing is convenient when the anchor is lifted. The Japanese shipbuilding industry believes that this kind of anchor is the most ideal and the most promising anchor.

3. Large holding power anchor

In fact, the large holding power anchor is a kind of rod rotary claw anchor, because it has a large gripping weight ratio, so it is called the large holding power anchor. The characteristics of this kind of anchor are that the biting soil area of the anchor claw is large, the holding of the bottom material is deep and more, and the grasping force is special, but the anchor claw is easy to pull and the collection is not convenient. The large holding power anchors include Martenberg anchor, Danfort anchor, speedboat anchor, Stellinger anchor and Startor anchor.

Mahaloche anchor: The structure of Mahaloche anchor is characterized by wide anchor claw, and there is a stabilizer bar outside the middle of the claw, in order to prevent the stone stuck anchor claw can not turn, and the inside of the claw made into an arc. Martenham anchors are manufactured in two forms: welded and cast. Both kinds of anchors are commonly used in our country.

Danfort anchor: Similar to the Marsh anchor, except that the stabilizer bar is arranged at the top of the anchor. The holding ratio of these anchors is particularly large, about three times that of naval anchors.

Schedlinger anchor: Its structure is characterized by the design of the stabilizer bar to be inclined, and the distance between the two claws is large, to prevent the anchor claw from being stuck in the gravel.

Speedboat anchor: so the name Siyi, is the anchor used by speedboats, its structure is characterized by the two claws are relatively close, the cross bar is installed on the outside of the claw, and the anchor crown is smaller. This kind of anchor has great grip, but the crossbar is easy to bend.

Startor anchor: is a new type of large holding power anchor, holding weight ratio of up to 15-20. The anchor claw is particularly wide, and the cross bar is located at the anchor crown, in a welded form. Unlike other anchors, there is a detachable wedge to change the Angle of the claw rotation.

4. Special anchors

The shape and purpose of special anchors are different from ordinary anchors. It mainly refers to the permanent mooring anchor for the use of buoy, storage vessel, floating dock, etc.; Ice anchors used on icebreakers and floating anchors used on sailboats and boats.

Anchor loss and prevention

The loss of the anchor and the loss of the propeller cap is a common occurrence. The anchor is connected to the anchor chain by the anchor shackle, so there are two kinds of loss of the anchor. One is caused by the anchor shackle, and the other is caused by the anchor chain.

1, anchor shackle caused

The anchor shackle is made of steel, forged or welded, and has a pin on it. Anchors are generally hung overboard on both sides of the bow, due to the long-term impact of wind and waves and the impact of rewinding and releasing, the pin may be loose and loose. When the pin breaks loose, the ship's anchor is lost.

2, the chain caused

Due to the use of the anchor chain for a long time, serious wear, when the anchor is just thrown in the hard substrate, coupled with the anchor speed is too fast, the anchor will be broken, and it will also cause the anchor to be lost. The loss of the anchor can be prevented, and the situation of the anchor shackle should be carefully checked before the ship sails, and if it is loose, it should be dealt with in time. The anchor chain shall be repaired and replaced on time according to the inspection requirements of the ship. As long as the above two points are achieved, coupled with the appropriate speed when lifting the anchor, the anchor will not be lost.

With the development of science and technology and shipbuilding industry, new anchors will continue to appear, which will provide a reliable guarantee for the safety of ships.

Sail Anchor:

Only when the anchor is a certain distance away from the ship, the anchor chain is inclined, and it can fix the ship's pulling force. So the first thing to do when you weigh anchor is to solve this problem.

When the anchor is activated to tighten the chain, the ship moves in the direction of the anchor, and when the chain is nearly vertical, the anchor is retracted.

If both front and rear anchors are lowered, one anchor chain is loosened, the other is tightened, an anchor is drawn, and then the other anchor is restored.

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